考古不語

中文翻譯參考

前言

　　國際古跡遺址理事會與國際歷史園林委員會於1981年5月21日在佛羅倫斯召開會議，決定起草一份將以該城市命名的歷史園林保護憲章。本憲章即由該委員會起草，並由國際古跡遺址理事會於1982年12月15日登記作為涉及有關具體領域的「威尼斯憲章」的附件。

　　國際古跡遺址理事會於1982年12月15日登記。

English Version

Adopted by ICOMOS in December 1982.

Preamble

The ICOMOS-IFLA International Committee for Historic Gardens, meeting in Florence on 21 May 1981, decided to draw up a charter on the preservation of historic gardens which would bear the name of that town. The present Florence Charter was drafted by the Committee and registered by ICOMOS on 15 December 1982 as an addendum to the Venice Charter covering the specific field concerned.

中文翻譯參考

　　第二屆歷史古跡建築師及技師國際會議于1964年5月25日至31日在威尼斯通過

　　發文單位：第二屆歷史古跡建築師及技師國際會議

　　發文時間：1964-5-25

　　生效日期：1964-5-25

　　世世代代人民的歷史文物建築，飽含著從過去的年月傳下來的資訊，是人民千百年傳統的活的見證。人民越來越認識到人類各種價值的統一性，從而把古代的紀念物看作共同的遺產。大家承認，為子孫後代而妥善地保護它們是我們共同的責任。我們必須一點不走樣地把它們的全部資訊傳下去。

　　絕對有必要為完全保護和修復古建築建立國際公認的原則，每個國家有義務根據自己的文化和傳統運用這些原則。

　　1933年的雅典憲章，第一次規定了這些基本原則，促進了廣泛的國際運動的發展。這個運動落實在各國的文件裡，落實在歷史古跡建築師及技師國際會議（ICOM）的工作裡，落實在聯合國教科文組織的工作以及它的建立文物的完全保護和修復的國際研究中心（ICCROM）裡。人們越來越注意到，問題正在繼續不斷地變得更加複雜多樣，並展開了緊急研究。於是，有必要重新檢查憲章，徹底研究一下它所包含的原則，並且在一份新的檔裡擴大它的範圍。

　　為此，第二屆歷史古跡建築師及技師國際會議，於1964年5月25日至31日在威尼斯開會，通過了以下的決定：

English Version

IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, Venice, 1964.

Adopted by ICOMOS in 1965.

Imbued with a message from the past, the historic monuments of generations of people remain to the present day as living witnesses of their age-old traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common heritage. The common responsibility to safeguard them for future generations is recognized. It is our duty to hand them on in the full richness of their authenticity.

It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an international basis, with each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own culture and traditions.

By defining these basic principles for the first time, the Athens Charter of 1931 contributed towards the development of an extensive international movement which has assumed concrete form in national documents, in the work of ICOM and UNESCO and in the establishment by the latter of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property. Increasing awareness and critical study have been brought to bear on problems which have continually become more complex and varied; now the time has come to examine the Charter afresh in order to make a thorough study of the principles involved and to enlarge its scope in a new document.

Accordingly, the IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, which met in Venice from May 25th to 31st 1964, approved the following text:

中文翻譯參考

　　第一屆歷史紀念物建築師及技師國際會議于1931年在雅典通過

　　在雅典會議上通過了以下七項決議，它被成為“修復憲章”（Carta del Restauro）：

1. 創立紀念物保護修復方面運作和諮詢的國際組織；
2. 計畫修復的專案應接受有見地的考評，以避免出現有損建築特性和歷史價值的錯誤；
3. 所有國家都要通過國家立法來解決歷史古跡的保存問題；
4. 已發掘的遺址若不是立即修復的話應回填以利用於保護；
5. 在修復工程中允許採用現代技術和材料；
6. 考古遺址將實行嚴格的“監護式”保護（custodial protection）；
7. 應注意對歷史古跡周邊地區的保護。

　　雅典會議的概括性結論為：

English Version

Adopted at the First International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, Athens 1931

At the Congress in Athens the following seven main resolutions were made and called “Carta del Restauro”:

1. International organizations for Restoration on operational and advisory levels are to be established.

2. Proposed Restoration projects are to be subjected to knowledgeable criticism to prevent mistakes which will cause loss of character and historical values to the structures.

3. Problems of preservation of historic sites are to be solved by legislation at national level for all countries.

4. Excavated sites which are not subject to immediate restoration should be reburied for protection.

5. Modern techniques and materials may be used in restoration work.

6. Historical sites are to be given strict custodial protection.

7. Attention should be given to the protection of areas surrounding historic sites.

General Conclusions of the Athens Conference